Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Abstract: Graph isomorphism phenomenon has been identified since the 1930s, which was first addressed in the graph-theoretical field and was thoroughly studied as a critical topic of computer science.

Define the Standard Model gauge group to be S ( U ( 2) × U ( 3)), the subgroup of SU ( 5) consisting of block diagonal matrices with a 2 × 2 block and then a 3 × 3 block. (This is isomorphic to the ...