Discover how the Luhn Algorithm verifies credit card accuracy, supports secure transactions, and helps prevent errors in inputting Social Security numbers.

Abstract: The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a widely studied NP-complete optimization challenge with significant theoretical and practical implications. This study proposes a hybrid ...

Abstract: Path planning for unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAV) has evolved into a multiconstrained, high-dimensional and multimodal optimization problem in complex combat environments. To solve ...