Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Charlene Rhinehart is a CPA , CFE, chair of an Illinois CPA Society committee, and has a ...

Calculate Soybean Populations with the Hula Hoop Method While you might think of hula hoops as a game for children they’ve found a new use—helping farmers calculate soybean populations. With no need ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Charlene Rhinehart is a CPA , CFE, chair of ...

Continuous Variable: can take on any value between two specified values. Obtained by measuring. Covariance: a measure of the direction of the linear relationship between two variables. Discrete ...

Required minimum distributions (RMD) are mandatory withdrawals seniors must take from their retirement accounts starting at age 73. RMDs are not a set dollar amount. Rather, they're a sliver of your ...

NPV calculates profitability using all projected cash inflows and outflows, considering time value of money. A positive NPV suggests a profitable project; a negative NPV suggests a loss. NPV's ...

Aim to replace 80% of your pre-retirement income to maintain lifestyle post-retirement. Factor in income from Social Security and pensions, not just savings, for retirement funds. Use the 4% rule to ...

If you're looking for investors or want to sell your business, you must determine its value. Follow these four steps to calculate it. Most entrepreneurs put their hearts into their businesses; but, ...

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Abstract: Climate change exacerbates flooding risks, a frequent and devastating natural calamity, particularly in flood-prone regions such as Pakistan. Constraints on computation and inadequate data ...