Abstract: Equivalent circuit model (ECM)-based approaches are widely used by Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery management systems. In the ECM approach, the voltage drop within a battery is modelled using ...
Abstract: We derive equivalent-circuit models of control- and physical-layer subsystems of grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) for electromagnetic-transient (EMT) simulations. Three ...
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