Abstract: Traditionally, the uncertainty qualification is utilized with the known probability distribution function (PDF). However, in some scenarios, the PDFs of some uncertain variables are modeled ...

First formulated in the late 19th century by Austrian physicist and mathematician Ludwig Boltzmann, this principle remains widely used across many disciplines today. Beyond physics, it appears in ...

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonergic (5-HT) system has been implicated in regulating sleep and motor control; however, its specific role remains controversial. In this study, we found that ...

REM (rapid eye movement) and non-REM (NREM) sleep stages contribute to systems memory consolidation in hippocampal-cortical circuits. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying REM memory ...

This novel wave mechanics approach under the extreme conditions of ultra-high gravity assumes that spacetime degrades into a ...

A simple random sample is a subset of a statistical population where each member of the population is equally likely to be ...