During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...

Dynamic modeling and control are critical for unleashing soft robots’ potential, yet remain challenging due to their complex constitutive behaviors and real-world operating conditions. Bio-inspired ...

Abstract: In this paper, a dynamic model for an e-bike is presented and its performance is evaluated. The model includes the main components constituting the vehicle electric drive such as the ...