Abstract: The existing double-vector (DV) model-predictive control for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) selects the optimal voltage vector (OVV) combination by traversing 12 alternative ...
Which electric sedan should you buy in 2026? We compare Tesla’s high-performance Model 3 with BMW’s updated i4 to find the better value. The Tesla Model 3 Performance offers superior acceleration, ...
Abstract: Measuring the equivalence ratio using flame spectral data is a key focus in combustion diagnostic techniques. Traditional methods rely on chemiluminescent bands with distinct spectral ...