Of the symbiotic relationships, mutualism, where both species benefit from the relationship, is the most exciting form. How ...

In nature, species will sometimes form unexpectedly close bonds and work to their mutual benefit. Symbiotic relationships are the close associations formed between pairs of species. They come in a ...

In Tanzania, we watched on many occasions when small flocks of red-billed birds descended upon the backs of giraffes, cape ...

Usually, we think of evolution as a slow, gradual process — but Yale scientists have shown that vast changes in species can occur in just short periods of time. A study spearheaded by Jason Shapiro ...

A golden crown flying fox, one of many species of bats, is a keystone species that helps fertilize the forest with its droppings. Keystone species helps define an entire ecosystem Without keystone ...

Like predation and competition, recognition of mutualisms' functional responses and consumer-resource interactions provides new insights into their density-dependent population dynamics. Fluctuations ...

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

Heteroatom tin compounds (SSn, OSn, NSn, PSn) composed of heteroatoms S, O, N, P and tin atoms have attracted intense attention due to their wide applications in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical ...

Mutualism is an economic and social theory that emphasises voluntary cooperation, reciprocity, and the fair exchange of goods and services. It advocates for a society where individuals and communities ...