A bi-directional current source for a grounded load will always have some complication in its construction. The improved Howland Current Pump as shown in Figure 1 is the most frequent choice for this ...

Startup surges can damage power systems. These inrush current limiters help control spikes, protect equipment, & save energy ...

Download this article in PDF format. It’s now common to see circuit boards that carry hundreds of amps, especially in intensive data-processing applications, electric vehicles, and ac distribution.

Have you ever needed to power a 12-volt relay in a circuit but only had 6 or 9 volts available? This simple circuit will solve that problem. It allows 12-volt relays to be operated from 6 or 9 volts, ...

Single-phase power factor correction (PFC) circuits—a kind of front-end AC/DC converters—are ubiquitous in a variety of ...

If you got your start in electronics sometime after 1980 your first project might well have been to light up an LED. Microcontroller projects often light up an LED, too, and a blinking LED is ...

Per 2014 NEC Article 100, short circuit current rating (SCCR) is defined as: “The prospective symmetrical fault current at a nominal voltage to which an apparatus or system is able to be connected ...

The course is focused on current-mode control techniques, which are very frequently applied in practical realizations of switched-mode. Upon completion of the course, you will be able to understand, ...

How does the NEC control your signaling and control wiring requirements? Today's industrial facilities use a host of control circuits for motor control, instrumentation signals, and plant shutdown ...

Part 1 of this series focuses on high-performance electronic loads for testing power supplies that have low output voltage and high current. It describes the necessity for special electronic loads, ...