In recent months, the Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health have announced new initiatives to reduce and replace animal testing in biomedical research. Central to these ...

Animal models have long shaped how biomedical research is conducted. They have influenced how diseases are studied, how risks are assessed, and how potential treatments move from early discovery ...

Artificial intelligence systems now breeze through many academic tests that once challenged both machines and people. That success created an unexpected problem. The benchmarks used to measure AI ...

Test equating constitutes a critical element of modern assessment practices, ensuring that scores from different test forms are directly comparable. Recent advancements have pooled statistical ...